Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the barley yellow dwarf virus cap-independent translation element.

The 3' untranslated region of tobacco necrosis virus RNA contains a barley yellow dwarf virus-like cap-independent translation element.

RNAs of many viruses are translated efficiently in the absence of a 5' cap structure. The tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) genome is an uncapped, nonpolyadenylated RNA whose translation mechanism has not been well investigated. Computational analysis predicted a cap-independent translation element (TE) within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of TNV RNA that resembles the TE of barley yellow dwar...

Structures required for poly(A) tail-independent translation overlap with, but are distinct from, cap-independent translation and RNA replication signals at the 3' end of Tobacco necrosis virus RNA.

Tobacco necrosis necrovirus (TNV) RNA lacks both a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail but is translated efficiently, owing in part to a Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-like cap-independent translation element (BTE) in its 3' untranslated region (UTR). Here, we identify sequence downstream of the BTE that is necessary for poly(A) tail-independent translation in vivo by using RNA encoding a luciferase re...

Subgenomic RNA as a riboregulator: negative regulation of RNA replication by Barley yellow dwarf virus subgenomic RNA 2.

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) generates three 3'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) in infected cells. Translation of BYDV genomic RNA (gRNA) and sgRNA1 is mediated by the BYDV cap-independent translation element (BTE) in the 3' untranslated region. sgRNAs 2 and 3 are unlikely to be mRNAs. We proposed that accumulation of sgRNA2, which contains the BTE in its 5' UTR, regulates BYDV replicat...

Cloning and Expression of the Coat Protein Gene of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV in Escherichia coli

Oscillating kissing stem–loop interactions mediate 59 scanning-dependent translation by a viral 39-cap-independent translation element

The 39-untranslated regions (UTRs) of a group of novel uncapped viral RNAs allow efficient translation initiation at the 59proximal AUG. A well-characterized model is the Barley yellow dwarf virus class of cap-independent translation elements (BTE). It facilitates translation by forming kissing stem–loops between the BTE in the 39-UTR and a BTE-complementary loop in the 59-UTR. Here we investig...